Whether you are going on a short trail, a day hike, or an overnight backpacking adventure, it’s a good idea to make sure you have the essentials for a safe trip.
10 Essentials for a Day Hike
According to the National Park Service, there are ten essentials you should always have on hand when going on a hike.
Navigation Tools
Bring a paper map, compass, and GPS system when you go hiking. It’s also good to plan your route before you leave the trailhead so you have an idea of where you are going and where you should end up. Learn how to use the right gear to prevent yourself from getting lost. Don’t always count on your cell phone. Cell service is often spotty or non-existent in many national parks or your phone could lose battery.
As a scout, we are also taught to bring a whistle any time we are out on a trail. If you do get lost, use the whistle rather than yelling for help. It will be louder and prevent you from losing your voice.
Sun Protection
Make sure to protect any exposed skin and your eyes while out on a trail to prevent sunburn and skin cancer. Wear an environmentally-friendly sunscreen on exposed skin, sunglasses with UV protection for your eyes, and a wide-brim sun hat to help protect your ears and neck. It may also help to wear long-sleeved shirts and pants to cover your skin. Although, make sure to balance the benefits of long clothing with the weather conditions. If the temperatures are too warm, long clothing might be worse than the sun exposure as you risk overheating.
Insulation
Take extra clothing with you as nature and the trail conditions can be unpredictable. Having extra layers can help if the temperature drops or if you get wet from an unexpected rain shower. You can purchase a rain jacket and rain gear that can be packed into a very small bag so they are easy to throw in a hiking backpack.
Illumination
When you are out on a hike, and it starts to get dark, it can get very dark very quickly. Pack a flashlight, lantern, or headlamp just in case you are out longer than expected. Headlamps are great because they are hands-free. Don’t forget an extra set of batteries.
First Aid Kit
Even the smallest cut or scrape can become an emergency when hiking in the wilderness. Adding a small first aid kit to your day pack is the best way to prevent a minor injury from becoming a serious emergency. You can pick up a basic kit and adjust the contents to your planned trip and specific needs.
Fire
A fire can be helpful for many things when out hiking such as a source of heat, cooking, and an emergency signal. Bring waterproof matches and fire starters while out on a trail. Make sure you know the fire regulations of the park and area you are in before lighting a fire, though, as you don’t want to light one in a burn ban and risk starting a wildfire.
Repair Kit and Tools
Bring a small repair kit and tools for longer hikes, especially an overnight hike. You never know when something like duct tape will come in handy to patch a hole in your tent. Also bring a knife, scissors, and a multi-tool (such as a Swiss Army Knife). If your best hiking gear requires specific tools to repair, ensure you have that too.
Nutrition
Even on shorter hikes, make sure to bring enough food for you and those you are hiking with. It never hurts to have a little extra food in case you are on the trail longer than expected. Bring foods high in nutritional value that don’t need to be cooked such as trail mix, granola bars, nuts, and dried fruit. Don’t forget a trash bag to pack out any litter.
Hydration
Water is one of the most important things you will bring on any hike. Long hikes require more water, and the temperature can also be a factor. Physical exertion increases your risk of dehydration, so drink water even before you start to feel thirsty. Pack a refillable water bottle and a water filter or water treatment tabs. Before the hike, check to see if there are any water sources that you can use along the path. It never hurts to add extra water to your packing list. For hiking long distances, you may be better off purchasing a hydration bladder or hydration pack to go in your backpack.
Emergency Shelter
If you find yourself in an emergency situation, whether that be from getting lost or because of unexpected severe weather, having shelter is one of the most important elements to keep you and your hiking group safe. A small, lightweight backpacking tent, tarp, space blanket, or personal bivy sack can make all the difference. While you hope to never use it, having emergency supplies will give you peace of mind while on a hike.
Bonus: Personal Safety/Hygiene Items
In addition to the above ten essentials, there are a few items I like to add to our day pack for personal safety and personal hygiene purposes.
- Toilet Paper
- Bug Spray
- Bear Spray
- Hand Sanitizer
- Face Wipes
Essential Hiking Gear for Overnight Hiking
When doing an overnight hike, any seasoned hiker will tell you that the equipment you need increases from the above ten essentials.
Trekking Poles
Trekking poles are a great way to help keep yourself stable on rough terrain.
Plastic Bag
Bring a few plastic bags that seal. They are great for putting gear in that can’t get wet in case of rain and also for packing out your trash, following the Leave No Trace Principles.
Sleeping Bag
As a rule of thumb, always have a small sleeping bag. If you know you are hiking in cold weather, make sure to have the right sleeping gear with you to prevent hypothermia while sleeping. Also, if it’s cold, keep the clothes you plan to wear the next day in the sleeping bag while you sleep so your body temperature keeps them warm before you put them on.
Weather Radio
Always check the weather forecast before heading out on your next hike. But, also, bring a solar-powered or crank-powdered weather radio with you in case the weather changes.
Emergency Satellite Phone
This is another item on the gear list that you hope you never need but will be glad to have it if you do. Even on short hikes, emergencies can happen. Bring a phone or messaging device that works over satellites for those times your cell phone doesn’t have service.
Itinerary
Every family member should have a copy of your trip itinerary. If you get separated, they know where and when to meet up with you. Also, make sure one copy is left with a responsible person who is not on the trip with you. Again, if you have any issues, they can assist by knowing where you should be and when you should be there.
Cooking Supplies
If your hiking adventure is going to last more than a few hours, you will need some lightweight cooking supplies in your pack. It’s one thing to go for a day with only snacks, but you’ll want a decent meal to keep up your energy for a long hike.
Eating Utensils
Don’t forget to bring a plate, bowl, cup or mug, and eating utensils. You can often purchase some that are collapsible so they take up less space or multi-purpose utensils.
Biodegradable Soap
This isn’t required, although having soap means you can easily clean your cooking and eating utensils along with washing your hands.
Bearproof Hang Bag
No matter what time of year you are hiking, if you are in bear country you need to bring a bearproof container for your food and anything scented, such as lip balm, sunscreen, or lotions. While the inherent risks of hiking in bear country tend to be coming upon a bear, they will often follow their nose to a campsite if you have food. Bring a bear canister or a hanging bag and rope that you can hang from a tree in an open space away from your tent. This will help keep bears and other wild animals out of your food and away from your tent.
Extra Socks
Never underestimate the power of an extra pair of socks. And you might want to throw an extra pair of underwear in there, too.
Toothbrush & Toothpaste
Hygiene is important even while out on a hike. Make sure a toothbrush and toothpaste are on your hiking checklist for a backpacking adventure. It only takes a few sips of water to be able to brush your teeth.
Medications
It’s hard to have a great time hiking if you forget your medicine, especially ones that are important to your health. For those with a life-saving medication or medical device, such as an asthma inhaler, make sure someone else in your hiking party knows how and when to administer the medication.
Trowel/Shovel
When nature calls, make sure to dig and bury unless you bring bags to pack out your waste.
Safety Tips
Everyone from a beginner hiker to a seasoned hiker should not only have the right hiking essentials but also consider safety tips for an enjoyable hiking experience.
Plan Ahead
Research the Trail
Always check the weather forecast before heading out. Be prepared for sudden changes, especially in mountainous regions.
Weather Check
Know the length, difficulty, elevation gain, and conditions of the trail. Check recent trail reports for any potential hazards.
Know Your Limits
Choose an Appropriate Trail
Select a trail that matches your fitness level and experience. Don’t overestimate your abilities.
Start Early
Begin your hike early in the day to give yourself plenty of daylight and avoid hiking in the dark.
Stay on the Trail
Stick to Marked Paths
Avoid taking shortcuts or venturing off the marked trail to prevent getting lost or encountering dangerous terrain.
Follow Signage
Pay attention to trail markers, signs, and maps.
Hike with a Buddy
Hike in Groups
Whenever possible, hike with others. There’s safety in numbers, and it’s easier to get help in case of an emergency.
Solo Hikers
If you prefer hiking alone, make sure someone knows your itinerary and expected return time, and check in with them afterward.
Stay Hydrated and Nourished
Drink Water Regularly
Dehydration can sneak up on you, especially in hot weather or higher elevations. Drink small amounts frequently.
Bring Snacks
Carry high-energy snacks to maintain your energy levels, especially on longer hikes.
Dress Appropriately
Layer Your Clothing
Wear moisture-wicking, insulating, and weather-resistant layers. Adjust your layers to regulate your body temperature.
Proper Footwear
Wear sturdy hiking boots or shoes with good traction to prevent slips and protect your feet.
Protect Yourself from the Sun
Apply Sunscreen
Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen and reapply it throughout the day.
Wear a Hat and Sunglasses
Protect your head and eyes from sun exposure.
Be Aware of Your Surroundings
Watch Your Step
Keep an eye out for loose rocks, roots, and other tripping hazards.
Wildlife Awareness
Know what wildlife is in the area and how to respond to encounters. Do not feed or approach animals. There’s a big difference between hiking where you expect bears and mountain lions somewhere such as the Great Smoky Mountains versus the alligators and Florida panthers when hiking in the Everglades.
Pack the Essentials
Bring the Ten Essentials
Navigation tools, sun protection, extra clothing, headlamp, first aid kit, fire starter, repair kit, extra food, extra water, and an emergency shelter.
Carry a Whistle
It’s a simple but effective tool for signaling for help.
Leave No Trace
Respect Nature
Stay on trails, don’t pick plants, and avoid disturbing wildlife.
Pack Out All Trash
Carry out everything you bring in, including food scraps and litter.
Be Prepared for Emergencies
Know Basic First Aid
Familiarize yourself with basic first aid and carry a well-stocked first aid kit.
Understand the Signs of Hypothermia and Heat Exhaustion
Know the symptoms and how to respond.
Emergency Communication
Carry a fully charged phone and a portable charger, and consider a personal locator beacon (PLB) if you’re hiking in remote areas.
Monitor the Weather
Turn Back if Necessary
If the weather changes suddenly or you feel unsure about continuing, don’t hesitate to turn back. It’s better to be safe than to push on into potentially dangerous conditions.
Pace Yourself
Take Regular Breaks
Rest, hydrate, and snack to keep your energy up.
Listen to Your Body
If you feel tired, take a break. If you’re not feeling well, consider turning back.
